STEM competencies, challenges and measurements: a literature review

STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) education is essential in preparing citizens for the digital and green transitions, yet the field is marked by fragmented approaches and limited empirical studies.  

This report presents a thorough overview of how STEM and STEAM (which includes the arts) education have developed, and where further evidence is needed. It identifies four key policy directions

• increasing student interest and achievement  
• expanding access to effective teachers
• reducing skills gaps
• raising community support

It also underscores the need for more robust European data, as most STEM research still originates in the USA. The report calls for investment in better-designed studies and tools to inform future educational practice and policy.  

Read the report here:STEM competencies, challenges, and measurements: a literature review