Embracing digital skills in vocational education

In today's society, being proficient with technology is no longer optional, it's essential. Smartphones and other digital devices are increasingly used as pedagogical tools in initial vocational education and training (IVET). They enable real-time communication, access to resources and interactive learning. Cedefop’s work in this field underscores how digitalisation is reshaping vocational learning environments and teaching practices across Europe. 

The digital divide also remains a pressing concern. Recent findings from the International Computer and Information Literacy Study (ICILS) 2023 revealed that 43% of 14-year-old students across the European Union do not reach the basic level of digital skills, with most countries showing a decline or no improvement compared to previous cycles. And as for teachers, the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) shows that only 60% of teachers have the digital skills they need.  

Going beneath the surface with digital literacy  

Digital literacy goes beyond merely operating a device; it involves critically evaluating online content, communicating effectively and navigating the digital world safely. Without these skills, learners risk exclusion from opportunities in education and employment.  

At the same time, challenges like cyberbullying highlight the need for digital citizenship skills – the ability to engage responsibly, respectfully and safely in digital environments. These skills and clear policy framework on responsible digital practices and online behaviour are essential for ensuring safe and inclusive learning environments.  

To more closely examine how digital skills are integrated into VET programmes, Cedefop has launched a project to map digital skills across IVET curricula in eight EU member states. It aims to highlight innovative models and pinpoint areas needing further development. 

Embracing digital opportunities and tackling challenges 

Educators face the dual challenge of harnessing digital tools while safeguarding learners from their potential risks. 

EU initiatives such as the Working Group on Digital Education: Learning, Teaching and Assessment (DELTA) and broader digitalisation strategies aim to support digital transitions across all education sectors.  

Increased digital engagement raises the risk of cyberbullying, a problem that can disrupt students’ education and wellbeing. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 15% of adolescents in Europe have experienced cyberbullying, with rates increasing between 2018 and 2022.  

Excessive screen time, unequal access to technology and insufficient digital skills can also contribute to stress and exclusion. 

Cedefop has developed resources for schools to tackle these challenges: 

• VET toolkit for tackling early leaving: helps schools create safe digital environments 
• Teachers can demonstrate how to recognise and respond to online harassment,  set clear guidelines for online behaviour and ensure students know where to seek support if they face cyberbullying 
• Digital Inclusion and Wellbeing: an intervention approach that highlights the need to balance digital integration with learners' mental health 

Promoting digital skills and inclusion in IVET 

The integration of digital tools in IVET presents exciting opportunities and formidable challenges. While smartphones and other devices can revolutionise vocational training, they require careful implementation to prevent social exclusion.  

Drawing on insights from Cedefop’s work, several strategies have emerged to support IVET providers in promoting responsible digital engagement: 

• Integrate comprehensive digital literacy training, so IVET curricula balance technical skills with critical reflection on digital behaviour. 
• Establish clear cyberbullying policies to prevent and respond to cyberbullying, including awareness campaigns, clear reporting channels and dedicated support for affected students. 
• Invest in continuing professional development of VET teachers and trainers to enhance students learning process through digital and innovative teaching methods. 

Cedefop’s work promoting responsible digital engagement and mapping digital skills in IVET curricula provides a promising framework for the future. Embracing comprehensive digital literacy training, establishing robust prevention policies and investing in ongoing professional development can help educators and policy makers to create learning environments that are both innovative and safe. 

For educators and policymakers, the call for action is clear: stay informed and take actions to ensure that IVET remains a dynamic, inclusive and digitally empowered space for all learners.