Developing critical thinking skills through education

When pupils are asked to collect, analyse, question and compare information, the aim is to develop their critical thinking skills. Critical thinking is the ability to reflect critically on topics, compare information and make informed conclusions and decisions. It also involves pupils exercising judgement, reasoning and analysis skills, and mindful use of information sources.

Thinking critically is one of the four citizenship competence areas and is taught in most EU Member States. However, it receives less attention than the other competence areas and often only starts being taught at secondary school level.

Media literacy: navigating a complex sea of information  

Critical thinking is connected to media and information literacy (MIL), the capability to access, understand, create and critically evaluate media and information sources. Both play pivotal roles in fostering active engagement within democratic societies.

Therefore, the EU has highlighted the importance of developing critical thinking and media literacy through education and training.

Promoting digital citizenship

Increased manipulation of information, e.g. fake news that can spread on the internet faster than real news, has highlighted the importance of critical thinking.

A range of pedagogical materials is available for teachers:

• Guidelines on tackling disinformation and promoting digital literacy offer practical advice, activity plans, and insights on digital literacy in 25 languages.
• Better Internet for Kids’ teacher corner provides resources for teachers and educators on digital citizenship and online safety.
• The MediaWise project has set up a Teen Fact-Checking Network (TFCN) that creates engaging content on topics from politics to pop culture to educate teens about media literacy and critical thinking.
• UNESCO’s MIL e-Platform is based on a comprehensive curriculum and offers versatile materials, including a MOOC for professional development, infographics, videos etc.